Recent advances in high-resolution sequencing have led to the discovery of unique peptides derived from mitochondrial genome.1-2 Currently 8 peptides are identified: humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S tRNA-c (MOTS-c), and six small humanin-like peptides (SHLP1-6). 1-2 All of these peptides are released into cytosol from mitochondria and associate with increased longevity and cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and other beneficial functions. 1-3 MOTS-c was found to reduce insulin resistance, decrease obesity, and promote homeostasis. 3
